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اطلاعات دوره: 
  • سال: 

    1393
  • دوره: 

    1
  • شماره: 

    2
  • صفحات: 

    65-80
تعامل: 
  • استنادات: 

    0
  • بازدید: 

    2893
  • دانلود: 

    1403
چکیده: 

کاربرد مفاهیم پایداری و اهداف توسعه پایدار در جهت کاهش اتلاف انرژی و آلودگی محیط زیست در معماری، منجر به پیدایش مبحثی به نام «معماری پایدار» گردیده و طی دهه های اخیر، توسعه پایدار به طور فزاینده ای به یک عنصر مهم در برنامه ریزی مناطق شهری تبدیل شده است. ظاهرا توجه توسعه پایدار بیشتر معطوف به شهرهاست و توسعه محله به دلایلی کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است، با این حال اگر قطعات شهر ها (مولفه هایی مانند محله) فاقد معیار پایداری باشد، شهرها را نمی توان پایدار در نظر گرفت. معیارهای پایداری محلات آینه ای برای تجزیه و تحلیل پایداری شهرها برای سطوح بالاتر هستند که جنبه های اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیست محیطی را شامل می شوند. با توجه به گستردگی مطالب مربوط به پایداری، در این نوشتار صرفا مطالعات مربوط به محلات شهری و روش های ایجاد پایداری زیست محیطی در محلات با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوا مورد بررسی قرار می گیرد و به عنوان نتیجه گیری به اصولی برای طراحی پایدار دست خواهیم یافت که عدم رعایت آنها در طراحی محلات؛ نیل به پایداری را مخدوش می سازد این اصول عبارتند از: طراحی فضاهای سبز محله؛ تعیین تراکم با توجه به اقلیم محل؛ طراحی بافت و ساختمان ها با توجه به اقلیم محدوده (انرژی خورشید و باد)، که این روش کمترین میزان هدر رفت انرژی را دارد و اولویت دادن به دسترسی پیاده در محله، که با حمل و نقل عمومی کارآمد امکان پذیر است.

شاخص‌های تعامل:   مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

بازدید 2893

مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resourcesدانلود 1403 مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resourcesاستناد 0 مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resourcesمرجع 0
نویسندگان: 

GHAHREMANI ZAHRA | SALEH ARDESTANI ABBAS

اطلاعات دوره: 
  • سال: 

    2019
  • دوره: 

    5
  • شماره: 

    2
  • صفحات: 

    133-146
تعامل: 
  • استنادات: 

    0
  • بازدید: 

    220
  • دانلود: 

    0
چکیده: 

The purpose of this research was to rank Information Technology (IT) dimensions using sustainable development criteria. The present research belongs to the category of applied research in terms of objective and descriptive survey in terms of data collection. To this end, the six dimensions of IT have been ranked according to three areas of sustainable development. Ratings were done using Gray Relational Analysis (GRA) through the GRAY RELATION software. It is worth noting that the statistical population included all managers of executive organizations in the northwest provinces of Iran. The result of using the GRA methodology to rank the IT components through sustainable development dimensions has ranked the six dimensions in terms of scores obtained as follows service quality, information quality, system satisfaction, perceived benefits, system quality, and IT usage.

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اطلاعات دوره: 
  • سال: 

    1398
  • دوره: 

    14
  • شماره: 

    5
  • صفحات: 

    367-373
تعامل: 
  • استنادات: 

    0
  • بازدید: 

    470
  • دانلود: 

    139
چکیده: 

آب زیرزمینی حیاتی ترین منبع تامین آب در ایران است که بهره برداری پایدار از آن، از ضروریات اجتناب ناپذیر محسوب می شود. اما اضافه برداشت و غفلت از تبیین معیاری معقول برای بهره برداری پایدار از آب زیرزمینی در بسیاری از حوضه های آبریز، نابودی اکوسیستم های وابسته به آب زیرزمینی و دیگر خسارات جبران ناپذیر را در پی داشته است. با توجه به اهمیت موضوع و به دلیل داشتن شرایط نسبتا مشابه (از نظر اقلیمی) ایران با ایالت کالیفرنیا، قانون مدیریت پایدار آب زیرزمینی در این ایالت (SGMA) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل گرفت. در قانون مزبور معیارهای شش گانه ای برای بهره برداری پایدار از آب زیرزمینی معرفی گردیده است. تمامی حوضه های آبریز موظف گشته اند تا نسبت به طراحی و تدوین برنامه مدیریتی آب با هدف دستیابی به پایداری آب زیرزمینی منطبق بر معیارهای شش گانه بپردازند. نتایج بررسی های اولیه نشان داده است که اکثر محدوده های مطالعاتی از حداقل تراز برای بهره برداری از آب زیرزمینی عبور نموده اند. بنابراین الزام قانونی برای تدوین برنامه ی بلند مدت (25 ساله ) تعادل بخشی در تمامی محدوده های مطالعاتی با هدف دستیابی به تراز بهره برداری پایدار از آب زیرزمینی تصویب گردید. ضروری است تا در کشورمان نیز برداشت از آب زیرزمینی از منظر پایداری مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و تراز بهره برداری پایدار برای هر آبخانه تعیین تکلیف گردد.

شاخص‌های تعامل:   مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resourcesدانلود 139 مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resourcesاستناد 0 مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resourcesمرجع 0
مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
اطلاعات دوره: 
  • سال: 

    1399
  • دوره: 

    7
  • شماره: 

    2
  • صفحات: 

    85-99
تعامل: 
  • استنادات: 

    0
  • بازدید: 

    1080
  • دانلود: 

    503
چکیده: 

فرهنگ غنی ایران اسلامی و نمادهای معمارانه آن در این سرزمین به همراه همسازگاری آن معماری با طبیعت و شرایط اقلیمی، لزوم توجه به معماری ایرانی و بازشناسی ارزش های سنتی آن را روشن می سازد. تحقیق حاضر در جست وجوی کشف معیارهای طراحی شهرک سرا های پایدار کاشان با رویکرد بازشناسی الگوهای ارزشمند معماری سنتی در اقلیم گرم وخشک ایران بوده و با هدف تعیین معیارهای طراحی محیط کالبدی سراها در شهر کاشان انجام پذیرفته است. روش پژوهش تهیه پرسشنامه و اقدامات پیمایش میدانی مستند بر بررسی تحلیلی-هندسی بر روی 20 خانه مشهور تاریخی شهر کاشان است. جامعه آماری شامل دو گروه متشکل از30 متخصص رشته معماری و آشنا به معماری ابنیه تاریخی، به انضمام 125 نفر از ساکنین علاقمند در شهر کاشان بوده است که پرسش نامه های حاصل از آنها با نرم افزار تحلیل آماری SPSS22 مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته است. به منظور تشخیص عوامل اصلی الگوی طراحی از روش تحلیل عاملی با کمک منحنی دانه بندی عوامل مؤثر استفاده شده است. یافته های تحقیق بیانگر 8 عامل اصلی مؤثر در طراحی مطلوب است که با تکیه بر 25 ریز عامل تشکیل دهنده است. مهم ترین و برترین شاخص-های طراحی شامل سه معیار اصولی مورد نیاز مخاطبین شهرک سراها با عناوین؛-1 تعامل مخاطب با طبیعت،-2 پاسخ گویی به نیازهای مخاطب و-3 انطباق با فرهنگ بومی بوده اند.

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نویسندگان: 

GHALAMBOR DEZFOOLY RAMA

اطلاعات دوره: 
  • سال: 

    2013
  • دوره: 

    3
  • شماره: 

    2
  • صفحات: 

    39-47
تعامل: 
  • استنادات: 

    0
  • بازدید: 

    402
  • دانلود: 

    0
چکیده: 

Following the changes in the paradigm of urban studies in recent years, sustainability has become an increasingly important issue in the neighborhood’s planning and designing. However, this concept has originally been developed for American and European neighborhoods’ planning, it could also be customized for other neighborhoods’. Additionally, in the neighborhood scale, the quality parameter factors are more sensible and understandable. Therefore, attention to use these parameters may have better results for neighborhood sustainability concept.This paper claims that if subjective indicators that customized with local context and derived from residents’ perception about sustainable neighborhood are being used, significant differences between residents’ valuing on subjective criteria of sustainability from one neighborhood to another would be found. For this claim, the paper has studied the two neighborhoods of Tehran, as a metropolis with different socio-economic and socio-cultural diversity in its neighborhoods. The findings show that the resulted criteria in the neighborhoods of Tehran, in comparison to each other, have meaningful differences.

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اطلاعات دوره: 
  • سال: 

    1403
  • دوره: 

    23
  • شماره: 

    134
  • صفحات: 

    30-40
تعامل: 
  • استنادات: 

    0
  • بازدید: 

    83
  • دانلود: 

    39
چکیده: 

هیدروژن به عنوان یک منبع انرژی پاک برای نیازهای گوناگون معرفی و از جنبه های مختلف مطالعه شده است؛ از این رو چالش پیش رو انتخاب بهترین منبع تجدیدپذیر، فرایند دوستدار محیط زیست و ذخیره سازی در چرخۀ تأمین هیدروژن است. تحلیل سلسله مراتبی روش چندوجهی تصمیم گیری برمبنای محاسبات سازمان یافته برای اخذ تصمیم منطقی است که در این تحقیق برای گزینش در بین این موارد گسترده، از آن استفاده شد. در پایش منابع، توجیه اقتصادی با 47% اولویت به عنوان معیار اصلی و منابع هیدرو با 33% اولویت به عنوان گزینۀ نخست دارای بیشترین ارجحیت هستند. در موضوع فرایند تولید معیار منتخب توجیه اقتصادی با بیشترین ارجحیت و روش گرمایی با 32% ارجحیت نشانگر بالاترین اولویت است. در بحث ذخیره سازی معیار اقتصادی مجدداً دارای بالاترین اولویت و ذخیره سازی به شکل نانومواد برترین گزینه است. ناسازگاری حساب شده در هر سه بخش مورد ارزیابی کمتر از 10% و قابل قبول است.

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مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
نویسندگان: 

REZAEI MOHSEN

اطلاعات دوره: 
  • سال: 

    2022
  • دوره: 

    6
  • شماره: 

    1
  • صفحات: 

    00-00
تعامل: 
  • استنادات: 

    0
  • بازدید: 

    48
  • دانلود: 

    0
چکیده: 

Iran’, s economy is highly dependent on energy exports and applying renewable energy (RE) resources is vital to optimize consumption function. The country has a high potential of REs, however, they have been long neglected because of several reasons including abundant natural gas and oil reserves. This study introduces and evaluates main plausible RE resources for the future of sustainable development in Iran. The goal is to investigate and rank Iran’, s main RE sources (biomass, geothermal, hydropower, solar PV, and wind). criteria like technical, economic, environmental, and social are identified and subsequently used for evaluations. A new hybrid MCDM model based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and combined compromise solution (CoCoSo) methods is adopted to identify and select the main RE resource. The results indicate that solar PV possess the highest priority, while the economic criterion is the most effective to be considered. The results can help the decisionmakers in the field of energy for more accurate planning and strategic management.

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اطلاعات دوره: 
  • سال: 

    1402
  • دوره: 

    13
  • شماره: 

    4
  • صفحات: 

    151-171
تعامل: 
  • استنادات: 

    0
  • بازدید: 

    51
  • دانلود: 

    11
چکیده: 

A B S T R A C TToday, all officials involved with the challenges of city sustainability have accepted the idea of a smarter city, using more technologies, creating better living conditions and protecting the environment for a better quality of life. The central part of the metropolis of Tabriz is based on Region 8 and part of Region 10, a historical-cultural area with an area of 286 hectares and a population of about 40 thousand people in 8 neighbourhoods. This research was compiled to evaluate and explain the regeneration of the central part of Tabriz city with the approach of smart growth and in line with the sustainable development of problematic neighbourhoods in the 8th district of Tabriz metropolis. The present review is methodologically practical, to describe and analyze the goals of regeneration based on library studies. The statistical population of the research includes experts and people living in the central context. In the first part, the Delphi method was used by asking experts. In the second part, the structural equation method of SPSS and AMOS software is used. According to the results of using the scales of design, pedestrian-oriented, intergenerational justice in the actual situation and 3 indicators of management and productivity, stable and value-creating jobs are in the potential situation. Also, two environmental indicators with the most direct and indirect effects and a cultural index have been decisive in the regeneration with the smart growth approach in the central part of Tabriz city. Therefore, in the regeneration of the central part, the studied indicators should be used simultaneously and integrated into the reconstruction projects of the central fabric of the city to lead to smart sustainabilityExtended AbstractIntroductionSmart growth is considered a lever for revitalizing neighborhoods and urban centers. In a general scenario of smart growth, knowing the time and resources of investment provides a new and sustainable life in the city center and worn-out and old textures. Moreover, finally, it will improve the quality of urban neighborhoods, especially worn-out ones, and revive them. Tabriz metropolis, one of the most important and largest cities in the country, with a long history of settlement, especially the central and old texture, due to developments in information and communication technology, extensive environmental, social, and economic changes in terms of time requirements, the traditional texture of roads, Deterioration of residential units, lack of equipment, infrastructure and urban services and environmental problems have caused the failure and physically turned into inefficient and problematic textures. Urban planning and development science must adopt a new decision and approach to face the existing and complex issues of worn-out texture. The main problem of the research is to evaluate and explain the regeneration of the central texture and strengthen them in line with the sustainable development of the problematic neighborhoods of Tabriz metropolis according to the solutions and principles of smart urban growth. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to answer the following question:- What are the effective indicators and components in the regeneration of the central texture of Tabriz metropolis with a smart growth approach? MethodologyThis research is applied and fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical. The collection methods are based on documentary and library studies, surveys, and interviews. In the first part, qualitative data was prepared with an open questionnaire and through interviews, as well as the review of documents and quantitative data used in this research numerically and through the weighting of Delphi questionnaires based on the consensus index model to determine importance, certainty, and priority. The panel members were 19 people (including 5 university faculty members, 7 field research experts, 4 executive experts, and 3 graduate students) selected based on the non-probability (targeted) method. In the second part, Cronbach's alpha method was exerted to measure the reliability of the questions, which was obtained as 0.89. In order to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the Lawshe method was exploited. The statistical population of the second part includes District 8 of Tabriz, which is the central texture of the city and is equal to 34,231 people. According to Cochran's formula, the sample size was equal to 379 people. Results and discussionIn the next step, path analysis was performed using AMOS 23 software to compare the integrated model with the hypotheses. The results of the path analysis, while verifying the structures, show that the value of the index of the critical ratio to the degree of freedom (CMIN/DF) is equal to 4.01, which is an optimal value for the model fit. Also, the goodness of fit index (GFI) is 0.952, which indicates the acceptability of this amount for the optimal fit of the model. The value of the root means the square error of estimation (RMSEA) is 0.065, which is acceptable because it is smaller than 0.08 and indicates the confirmation of the research model. Also, the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) is 0.917, the comparative fit index (CFI) is 0.92, and the normalized parsimonious fit index (PNFI) is 0.882, which all indicate that the fit and verification of the research model are desirable.Therefore, none of the objects are removed and remain in the model. Therefore, it is confirmed that the factor structure of regeneration indicators with the smart growth approach has reliability and construct validity. Also, the second-order factor analysis shows that the factor loadings of all regeneration indicators with the smart growth approach are greater than 0.4 and are significant at the 95% probability level. According to the results, the environmental dimension with a factor loading of 0.94 has the most significant effect on urban regeneration with the smart growth approach in the central texture of Tabriz city. After that, quality of life with a factor loading of 0.92, social dimension with a factor loading of 0.88, economic dimension with a factor loading of 0.83, physical dimension with a factor loading of 0.81, transportation dimension with a factor loading of 0.74 and cultural dimension in order with a factor loading of 0.72, are in the following ranks.According to the final structural model results, the environmental index has the highest value, with a direct effect of 0.594 and an indirect effect of 0.275. Moreover, after that, respectively, the quality of life index with a direct effect of 0.513 and an indirect effect of 0.236, a social index with a direct effect of 0.476 and an indirect effect of 0.217, an economic index with a direct effect of 0.451 and an indirect effect of 0.222, Physical with the direct effect of 0.435 and indirect effect of 0.205, mobility index with the direct effect of 0.373 and indirect effect of 0.182 and cultural index with the effect of direct values of 0.295 and indirect effect of 0.153 are influential in regeneration with smart growth approach in the central part of Tabriz city. ConclusionIn this research, seven main indicators related to the subject were investigated. The results showed that the environmental index with the most significant direct and indirect effect is the focus of the evaluation. After that, dimensions and indicators of quality of life, social index, economic index, physical index, mobility index, and cultural index have been influential. According to the results, the urban environment index was analyzed as the most important factor at a high level, and this means that for urban regeneration with a smart growth approach, improving the environmental and physical conditions in the worn-out and central texture of Tabriz city in the current situation is a priority. It is first. This is the most well-known part of regeneration with a smart growth approach. The analysis results show that this is not the case only in the case of transportation infrastructure. However, more comprehensive urban infrastructure such as the urban landscape, open spaces, green and parks, etc. are also crucial in improving the physical conditions of the infrastructure. Also, this study's results show that the economic sector's importance is as important as improving the physical conditions of the infrastructure. In addition, in the worn-out texture of District 8 of Tabriz city, the sociocultural sector is essential, and the revival of historical and cultural resources is considered one of the urban regeneration options. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.  Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to all the scientific.

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مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resourcesدانلود 11 مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resourcesاستناد 0 مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resourcesمرجع 0
اطلاعات دوره: 
  • سال: 

    1402
  • دوره: 

    13
  • شماره: 

    3
  • صفحات: 

    163-176
تعامل: 
  • استنادات: 

    0
  • بازدید: 

    153
  • دانلود: 

    21
چکیده: 

A B S T R A C T Sustainability in horticulture products depends on economic, social and environmental factors. Knowing these factors' sustainability levels can be effective in formulating sustainable horticulture development strategies and their effect on the sustainable livelihood of the user family. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the sustainability of horticulture products and their role in the livelihood of the beneficiary households in the villages of the central part of Bandar Gaz city. The required information was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was obtained based on the opinion of relevant experts and the reliability of which was obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89. The statistical population of this research includes garden operators in three villages of Eastern Gaz, Western Gaz and Val Afra, which was calculated using Cochran's formula as a sample size of 250. A random sampling method was used to select research samples. To measure the sustainability of garden products, 45 indicators were used, separated by economic, social, and environmental dimensions, and 53 indicators were used, separated by economic, social, human, and environmental dimensions, to measure the sustainable livelihood of the beneficiary household. According to the Spearman test, horticulture products' economic, social and environmental sustainability is effective in the sustainable livelihood of the user family. The Kruskal-Wallis test results indicate that the beneficiaries' sustainable livelihoods in the three studied villages have a significant difference up to the 99% confidence level. The results of the one-way independent variance analysis test on the cultivated area of three villages and horticulture income in three villages also stated a significant difference in these three factors up to the 99% level. Extended Abstract Introduction The most critical challenge in the world today is food security and providing essential human needs. The lack of balance between population growth and agricultural production has made developing countries face a serious challenge. sustainable agriculture is an approach that meets human needs without harming the environment and uses natural resources better. sustainable horticulture is a type of agriculture that is in the direction of human benefits, is more efficient in the use of resources, and is in balance with the environment. Horticulture activity in the category of sustainable agricultural development, considering its nature and the positive aspects that govern this activity, in case of proper management, is superior in terms of not disrupting the ecological balance or at least due to little damage compared to agriculture. In fact, the benefits that can be listed for horticultural activities in order to achieve sustainable agricultural development compared to agriculture are food supply and welfare facilities, storage and meeting the needs of other plants, growing crops under the shelter of trees, soil protection and green cover, air conditioning and increase of atmospheric precipitation, less consumption of chemical fertilizers and preservation of plant genetic resources. A sustainable livelihood strategy is one of the new strategies that can help the villagers' problems. The sustainable livelihood approach was proposed in the 1980s as a new approach to rural development to reduce and eradicate rural poverty. Livelihood is sustainable when it can withstand unexpected pressures and damages and restore itself and improve its capabilities and capital in the future without harming natural resources. The main problem of the research is, what is the state of sustainability of the garden products system in the central villages of Bandar Gaz city? We are also trying to find out what effect the sustainability of garden products can have on the sustainable livelihood of rural households. Bandar Gaz is one of the Golestan province's cities, located in the southeastern part of Gorgan. In terms of longitude and latitude, it is located between 53 degrees and 51 minutes to 54 degrees and 3 minutes of east longitude and 36 degrees and 39 minutes to 36 degrees and 49 minutes of north latitude. Bandar Gaz has a population of 20,742 people in 6,715 households, according to 2016.   Methodology This research is of applied type and descriptive-analytical and survey method, carried out in the 2018-2019 crop year. The main tools for data collection were questionnaires, observations and interviews. The statistical population of the research consists of 715 users of horticultural products. A random sampling method was exerted to select the samples, and 250 samples were selected based on Cochran's formula.   Results and discussion The Kruskal-Wallis test was exerted to investigate and compare the household's sustainable livelihood level using gardens in the studied villages so that the results show a significant difference of 99%, 95% and 90% in the variables. The results show that the level of sustainable livelihood is different in the three villages, so based on the results, the level of sustainability of horticultural products is also different in these three villages.   Conclusion The efficiency of horticultural work for support and investment in the village of East Gaz is more than the other two villages. The ability to buy housing, the amount of meeting health needs, the amount of willingness to migrate, and the amount of unemployed and employed people are more in West Gaz village. However, regarding the village's up-to-date architecture and the village houses' strength, there is a more favorable situation in the village of Eastern Gaz. The results of one-way analysis of variance ANOVA indicate a significant difference between the garden income of three villages among the examined components up to the 99% level.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution The authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approthe contenttent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest The authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

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بازدید 153

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نویسندگان: 

ABRISHAMCHI A. | Mounesan A.A. | MAKNOON R.

نشریه: 

Scientia Iranica

اطلاعات دوره: 
  • سال: 

    2021
  • دوره: 

    28
  • شماره: 

    2 (Transactions A: Civil Engineering)
  • صفحات: 

    682-699
تعامل: 
  • استنادات: 

    0
  • بازدید: 

    69
  • دانلود: 

    0
چکیده: 

This paper aims to propose a framework by which decision-makers can evaluate and compare alternatives for sustainable island-based tourism development. The uncertainties and risks involved in information and judgment within the evaluation process were taken into account by using a hybrid approach, which combined the Delphi method, fuzzy set theory, and a discrete multi-criteria method based on prospect theory called TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese of interactive and multiple-criteria decision making). The decision making model examined 3 di erent techniques for aggregating the viewpoints of di erent decision-makers and explored how the aggregation technique would a ect the ranking of the alternatives. To demonstrate the potential application of the proposed approach, it was examined for the development of Hendourabi Island (Iran) for tourism. Results showed that among the 3 alternative development plans, decision-makers preferred the medium-size development alternative, since it o ered a balance between bene ts of tourism market and costs of project development under an uncertain future. It also allowed for adaptive management. Results also showed that the proposed approach, which reduced loss regret in decision-making under uncertain future, could be used e ectively for planning the island development under an uncertain dynamic future considering the risk and uncertainty associated with human judgment.

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بازدید 69

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